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Rottweiler, breed of working dog, probably descended from a herding dog used by the Roman armies to drive their cattle and to guard their camps. From the early Middle Ages until the mid-19th century, drover dogs of this type were used in southern Germany. They were especially connected with the market town of Rottweil, hence their name. The breed, revived early in the 20th century and used for police work, was recognized in the U.S. in 1931. Rottweilers are fairly large, strongly built, and intelligent, making excellent guard dogs. The short, coarse, flat hair is black, with tan to dark brown markings. The tail is short and carried horizontally. Males stand about 61 to 69 cm (about 24 to 27 in), females about 56 to 66 cm (about 22 to 26 in).